Media ethics and self-regulation

The chronological sequence of the chairpersons of press council is:

1. R.S. Sarkaria - P.B. Sawant - K. Jayachandra Reddy - G.N. Ray.
2. K. Jayachandra Reddy - R.S. Sarkaria - G.N. Ray - P.B. Sawant.
3. G.N. Ray - K. Jayachandra Reddy - P.B. Sawant - R.S. Sarkaria.
4. G.N. Ray - R.S. Sarkaria - K. Jayachandra Reddy - P.B. Sawant.

Match the list I (organisations) with list II (places): (a) U N E S C O (i) Singapore (b) A M I C (ii) Geneva (c) I T U (iii) Kualalumpur (d) A I B D (iv) Paris Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
4. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) 18

Which day is celebrated as the Press Freedom day?

1. May 3
2. September 22
3. June 1
4. August 9

The establishment of the Hutchins Commission was prompted by:

1. James Reston
2. Joseph Pulitzer
3. Catherine Graham
4. Henry Luce

Assertion (A): Word of mouth can spread like a wild fire. If the subject and content are right, it can burst into spontaneous combustion as an entire forest may suddenly be over run by a conflagration. Through word of mouth, rumour and innuendo may spread with extreme speed and spontaneity if the subject is close to the emotions of people. Reason (R): More than thoughts feelings most quickly take wings on word of mouth.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true

Identify the correct chronological sequence of committees:

1. P.C. Joshi — Mc Bride — Varadan — Sengupta
2. Varadan — Sengupta — Mc Bride — P.C. Joshi
3. Mc Bride — P.C. Joshi — Sengupta — Varadan
4. Mc Bride — P.C. Joshi — Varadan — Sengupta

‘The airwaves are public property’ is a declaration of:

1. Supreme court
2. Prasar Bharati
3. Press council
4. ITU

Match the List–I (Concepts )with List–II (Examples / Explanations): List–I List–II (Concepts ) (Examples / Explanations) (a) Category (i) Logo of ‘Bata’ (b) Segment (ii) Breakfast cereal (c) Added Value (iii) Sweetened Breakfast cered (d) Functional Value (iv) Painkiller ‘SS’ Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
2. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
3. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
4. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

The freedom of the press is crucial to reasoned value formation because

1. it promoted small family norm.
2. it makes interactions possible.
3. it prioritised gender equity.
4. it promoted new norms across regions.

Match the following books and authors. (a) Development of Underdevelopment (i) Daniel Belt (b) Communication Networks (ii) Manuel Castells (c) Post-Industrial Society (iii)E.M.Rogers and D.L. Kincaid (d) The Rise of the Network Society (iv)Andre Gunder Frank Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
2. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
3. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Match the following: List – I List – II (Launch of Station/Programme) (Year) (a) Vividh Bharathi (i) 1984 (b) First Local Radio Station (ii) 1977 (c) First FM Station (iii) 1969 (d) Yuvavani Programme (iv) 1957 Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
2. (ii) (iv) (iii) (iv)
3. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

Match the following: List – I List – II (Author) (Concept) (a) M.K. Gandhi (i) Ideological constraints of development (b) L.R. Beltran (ii) Safety first principle (c) J. Scott (iii) Idea of justice (d) Amartya Sen (iv) Trusteeship of society Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
2. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
3. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

The first press restriction or censorship was imposed in India during the British rule, during the period of:

1. Sepoy Mutiny
2. Panipat War
3. Jallianwalabagh
4. Tughlaq Regime

The two member sub-committee set up by the Press Council of India to examine paid news scandal, comprised

1. Anupam Kher and Sharmila Tagore
2. Sharmila Tagore and Prananjoy Guha Thakurta
3. P. Sainath and Aroon Puri
4. K. Sreenivas Reddy and Prananjoy Guha Thakurta

Assertion (A): Indian media is not giving adequate coverage to social concerns, environment, human rights, gender equality etc Reason (R): Media persons are not sensitive to these issues.

1. Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
2. (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.
3. (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect.
4. (A) is correct but (R) is not the only reason for this.

Assertion (A): Democracy cannot survive without a free press. Reason (R): Freedom of press gives voice to the voice-less

1. Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
2. Both (A) and (R) are correct.
3. (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.
4. (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect.

Match List – I (Organisations) with List – II (Head quarters) List – I (Organisation) List – II (Headquarters)

1. AMIC (i) Germany
2. TOI (ii) New Delhi
3. PII (iii) Singapore
4. DPA (iv) Mumbai Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (B) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Films) List – II (Heroine) a. Aradhana 1. Rekha b. Pyasa 2. Rani Mukherjee c. Umrao-Jan 3. Sharmila Tagore d. Black 4. Waheeda Rehman Codes: a b c d

1. 3 4 1 2
2. 1 2 3 4
3. 2 1 4 3
4. 4 3 2 1

The Vidyalankar Committee was assigned to prepare a report on

1. Press Information Bureau
2. Functioning of AIR
3. Central Publicity
4. Information and Broadcasting Ministry

The legal doctrine of direct impact is applied in the cases involving limitation of

1. Personal Freedom
2. Newspaper Circulation
3. Editorial Independence
4. Taxation on Advertisements

The reference code often used for television recordings is known

1. real time
2. clock time
3. virtual time
4. clear time

Identify the correct sequence of the following Chairpersons of the Press Council of India:

1. Justice T.S. Rajagopala Iyengar, Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice G.N. Ray, Justice Markandeya Katju
2. Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice G.N. Ray, Justice Markandeya Katju, Justice T.S. Rajagopala Iyengar
3. Justice G.N. Ray, Justice Markandeya Katju, Justice T.S. Rajagopala Iyengar, Justice P.B. Sawant
4. Justice Markandeya Katju, Justice T.S. Rajagopala Iyengar, Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice G.N. Ray,

Match List – I with List – II: List-I List-II (a) World this week (1) R.K. Lakshman (b) Over a cup of tea (2) Karan Thapar (c) Devil’s Advocate (3) Pothen Joseph (d) You said it (4) Pranav Roy Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (1) (2) (3) (4)
2. (4) (3) (2) (1)
3. (3) (1) (4) (2)
4. (2) (4) (1) (3)

Match List – I with List – II: List-I List-II (a) Sentinel (1) Punjab (b) Udayavani (2) Andhra Pradesh (c) Sakshi (3) Karnataka (d) Ajit (4) Assam Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (2) (1) (4) (3)
2. (3) (4) (1) (2)
3. (1) (2) (3) (4)
4. (4) (3) (2) (1)

Identify the correct sequence of the committees set up by the Union Government:

1. Varadhan Committee, Vidyalankar Committee, Geethakrishnan Committee, Diwakar Committee
2. Geethakrishnan Committee, Varadhan Committee, Diwakar Committee, Vidyalankar Committee
3. Diwakar Committee, Geethakrishnan Committee, Vidyalankar Committee, Varadhan Committee
4. Vidyalankar Committee, Diwakar Committee, Varadhan Committee, Geethakrishnan Committee

Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Committee) List – II (Thrust Area) a. Paswan Committee 1. Indian news agencies b. P.C. Joshi Committee 2. Status of Indian Film Industry c. Kuldip Nayyar Committee 3. Software for Indian Television d. Karanth Committee 4. National Communication Policy Codes: a b c d

1. 1 2 3 4
2. 4 1 2 3
3. 4 3 1 2
4. 2 4 3 1

When codes shape collective perceptions, they are termed

1. Natural codes
2. Technical codes
3. Ideological codes
4. Aesthetic codes

Name the city where four 500 kW super power short-wave transmitters were commissioned:

1. Chennai
2. Bengaluru
3. Mumbai
4. Kolkata

The right to refuse publication by a newspaper is based on the assumption that it is a

1. public service
2. private enterprise
3. democratic institution
4. personal preference

The application of media ethics involves

1. finding most morally defensible answer to a problem.
2. maintaining the right to privacy.
3. rejecting government’s control over media.
4. maintaining the high standards of performance.

Assertion (A): Despite corporatisation, media in India have strong ideological contours. Reason (R): Because most media persons in India have a heavy dose of Marxist indoctrination. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Identify right sequencing of countries that began publication of newspapers in the early 17th century.

1. England, France, Belgium, Germany.
2. France, Germany, England, Belgium.
3. Belgium, England, Germany, France.
4. Germany, Belgium, France, England.

Assertion (A): Professionalism among journalism practitioners is rarely found now-a- days as the profession has become a hobby for the new entrants. Reason (R): The new entrants do not have role models to follow, and hence their lack of professionalism cannot be faulted. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Book) List – II (Writer) a. Chitra 1. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee b. Devdas 2. Rabindra Nath Tagore c. Durgesh Nandini 3. Sarat Chandra Chatterjee d. Gandevata 4. Tara Shankar Bandopadhyay Codes: a b c d

1. 2 3 1 4
2. 4 3 1 2
3. 2 3 4 1
4. 3 1 2 4

Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Punch Line) List – II (Product) a. Celebrate the beauty of life 1. Amba Shakti TMC Bars b. Future Relies on 2. Malabar-Gold c. Apna Liye Apnoke Liye 3. Mercedes-Benz d. The Best Knows No Alternative 4. Honda Codes: a b c d

1. 2 1 4 3
2. 4 3 2 1
3. 1 2 4 3
4. 3 2 4 1

Find out the correct sequence of the chairmanship of the Press Council of India -

1. Justice A.N. Sen, Justice R.S. Sarkaria, Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice G.N. Ray
2. Justice R.S. Sarkaria, Justice G.N. Ray, Justice A.N. Sen, Justice P.B. Sawant
3. Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice A.N. Sen, Justice G.N. Ray, Justice R.S. Sarkaria
4. Justice R.S. Sarkaria, Justice A.N. Sen, Justice P.B. Sawant, Justice G.N. Ray

Assertion (A): The live telecast of legislative proceedings has made the issue of contempt of legislatures irrelevant. Reason (R): When people ask for true democracy through pressure groups, the people’s representatives have their own selfish goals to go for such a measure. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Educational communication in India is a sage of unlimited success. Reason (R): The UGC funded MMRCs are functioning in several States to popularise educational programmes through audio-visual media. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Promoter) List – II (Newspaper) a. Jawaharlal Nehru 1. Free Press Journal b. C. Rajagopalachari 2. Mooka Nayak c. B.R. Ambedkar 3. National Herald d. S. Sadanand 4. Swarajya Codes: a b c d

1. 1 2 3 4
2. 4 3 2 1
3. 3 2 4 1
4. 3 4 2 1

The dominant code conveys the society’s __________.

1. subsidiary readings
2. preferred readings
3. non - selective readings
4. incompatible readings

Assertion (A): The professional organisations of media have not done much to improve the standard of media education in India. Reason (R): The professional organisations of media do not have committed professionals to work for the cause of professionalisation of Indian media education. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The Press Council of India has outlived its utility. Reason (R): The new technology has made ethical issues of the press even more complex. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The mass media and politics in India are intertwined. Reason (R): Indian masses are highly politically charged in their day-to-day affairs, and depend upon mass media for the purpose. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): If opinion polls are obscene, exit polls are vulgar, especifically in the Indian context. Reason (R): Indian media have their own limitations to conduct opinion and exit polls. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Write the correct sequence of the following committees:

1. Vidyalankar Committee, RR Diwakar Committee, Kuldip Nayyar Committee, Parthasarathi Committee
2. Parthasarathi Committee, Vidyalankar Committee, RR Diwakar Committee, Kuldip Nayyar Committee
3. Kuldip Nayyar Committee, Parthasarathi Committee, Vidyalankar Committee, RR Diwakar Committee
4. RR Diwakar Committee, Kuldip Nayyar Committee, Parthasarathi Committee, Vidyalankar Committee

The present Chairman of the Press Council of India is:

1. Justice Markandeya Katju
2. Justice C.K. Prasad
3. Justice A. Parashar
4. Justice Ruma Pal

The Press Council of India is a:

1. non-judicial body
2. private entity
3. non-statutory body
4. quasi-judicial body

Arbitrary codes in communication are:

1. digital
2. analogic
3. non-functional
4. inappropriate

Assertion (A): The concept of the construction of information society is based on a series of myths. Reason (R): They provide the necessary narrative for the implementation of communication policies. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Governments all over the world increasingly link communication policy to economic interests. Reason (R): Technology promotion in the communication sector is a viable development strategy. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

The most familiar of the ‘passive transmitter’ is the one which uses the metaphor of

1. relativity
2. normative prescription
3. mirror
4. institutional autonomy

Assertion (A): The press freedom in India is not absolute. Reason (R): Because the press is subject to the restrictions imposed by the Press Council of India. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

How are some social codes expressed through a medium?

1. Speech
2. Facial expression
3. Writing
4. Argument

For summoning and enforcing the attendance of persons and examining them on oath, the Press Council of India has the powers of a

1. Police Officer
2. Cabinet Minister
3. Non-judicial Officer
4. Civil Court

Verso refers to as

1. First half of the page.
2. Middle of a page.
3. A right hand side page.
4. A left hand side page.

Assertion (A): Cultural transmission through mass media is more than inevitable. Reason (R): Because communication is a part of any individual’s experience, knowledge and continuous learning. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Write the correct chronological order of the establishment of the following media organizations.

1. The Press Council of India (PCI), Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI), The Press Trust of India (PTI), The Films Division.
2. The Press Trust of India (PTI), Registrar of Newspaper for India (RNI), The Films Division, The Press Council of India (PCI).
3. The Press Trust of India (PTI), The Films Division, Registrar of Newspaper for India, The Press Council of India (PCI)
4. The Press Council of India (PCI), The Films Division, Registrar of Newspaper for India (RNI), The Press Trust of India (PTI).

Assertion (A): Media ethics are reflected through several enlightenment assumptions that emphasise moralistic and democratic philosophy. Reason (R): The enlightenment legacy does not insist on rational thinking and autonomous self-regulation. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Media history will not achieve concrete status as a primary scholarly locus in the present day circumstances. Reason (R): Until it develops a common set of problems and its own vocabulary as the term ‘media’ itself is fluid today. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Mass media technologies create conditions of political possibilities. Reason (R): Mediated messages propel public scrutiny and debate of issues by providing a public forum. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The emerging intellectual trends aim at new philosophical underpinnings for viable media ethics. Reason (R): Reconceptualisations of speech freedoms bring citizens from the margin to the centre for positive human rights to communicate. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Modern mass media are responsible for destroying the folk communities. Reason (R): The media fare provides scope to have individual judgements to decide what is amoral and what is not. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The liberal model of media is positive to the growth of democracy. Reason (R): Market orientation makes media responsive to public issues. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Guerilla television and video are more than media tools. Reason (R): They reflect the images of rebellion of the oppressed against modern imperialism. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: List-I List-II (Concept) (Focus) (a) Normative concept (i) Community mapping (b) Context concept (ii) Knowledge management (c) Strategic concept (iii) Social movements (d) Technique concept (iv) Social inclusion Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
2. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
3. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
4. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

The technical codes of television can be:

1. Ambivalent
2. Precise
3. Fluid
4. Complex

Assertion (A): Democracy cannot survive if deliberative forces are arbitrary. Reason (R): In a representative democracy public discussion need not be a political duty, as reflected in media. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): “A free press is free for the expression of opinion in all its phases.” Reason (R): It is because initially in Great Britain the concept of freedom was negatively imputed. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Emancipation from the present dominant social order is the major goal of mass media. Reason (R): The societies are also evolving and so also are the goals of mass media. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: List - I List - II Media House Country (a) Bertelsman (i) USA (b) News Corp (ii) France (c) Vivendi Universal (iii) Australia (d) Cox Media (iv) Germany Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
4. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

When it comes to media regulation, what is the status of pragmatism?

1. Certain factors are contingent on each other.
2. Government should interfere to make regulations pragmatic.
3. Pragmatic freedom creates tension.
4. Government regulation should be balanced keeping historical factors in view.

Media industry will become more efficient if there is

1. Free competition among media outlets
2. Unlimited free expression
3. Government intervention to regulate media in pubic interest
4. Dominant social norm to prevail over freedom of opinion

Some of functions of press council of India was amended in the year 1978. A. Undertake studies of foreign newspapers. B. Promote functional relationships. C. Give openion to Central Governent regarding standard of News Papers. D. Give developmental openion. E. Build Code of conduct for News Papers Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. Aand C only
2. Band C only
3. D and E only
4. Aand B only

Arrange the Press Committees and Commission chronologically from the earliest to the most recent - A. Sharad Pawar Committee B. Verghese Committee C. P.C. Joshi Committee D. Kuldip Nayar Committee E. Vidyalankar Committee Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. E, D, A, B, C
2. A, C, B, D, E
3. E, D, B, C, A
4. A, D, B, C, E

Identity the chronology of Press Councils’ Chairman A. Justice A.N. Sen B. Justice G.N. Roy C. Justice P.B. Sawant D. Justice N. Rajagopala Ayyangar E. Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. D, A, C, E, B
2. A, D, C, B, E
3. D, E, C, A, B
4. A, D, E, C, B

How many articles were there in Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

1. 45
2. 20
3. 25
4. 30

The Hutchins Commission on freedom of the press was established in the year 1942 and released its report in which year?

1. 1943
2. 1944
3. 1946
4. 1947

Arrange the following films in chronological order according to their release beginning from the first: A. Pather Panchali B. Aparajito C. Charulata D. Apur Sansar E. Jalsagar Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, E, D, C
2. A, E, D, C, B
3. B, C, D, E, A
4. B, C, E, D, A

O31 Under Section 13 of Press Council of India Act 1978, the objectives of the PCI are: A. To protect the freedom of the press B. To maintain and improve the standards of newspaapers and news agencies C. To conduct research and express opinion to the Government in regard to enable and law concerning the press D. Constitute a special committee to make on-the-spot settlement of complaints against the press Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C Only
2. A, C, D Only
3. B, C, D Only
4. A, B, C, D Only