Culture, ideology and audience

Assertion (A): Mass media publicise events with more negative consequences. Reason (R): The audience is composed of very ordinary people who want only negative information.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true

Match the List - I (Book) with List - II (Author): List - I (Book) List - II (Author) (a) Television: The Critical View (i) Herbert Schiller (b) Culture Inc (ii) Greg Philo (c) Seeing and Believing (iii) Ien Ang (d) Desperately Seeking Audience (iv) Horace Newcomb Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
2. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
3. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
4. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

List - I List - II (Authors) (Concepts) (a) Daniel Bell (1) Austrian School (b) J. Habermas (2) Third wave (c) Alvin Tottler (3) Post - industrial society (d) Joseph Schumpeter (4) Public sphere Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (1) (3) (4) (2)
2. (2) (1) (3) (4)
3. (1) (2) (4) (3)
4. (3) (4) (2) (1)

The school of thought which advocated media manipulation of images and symbols to protect the interests of the dominant class is:

1. Frankfurt School
2. Chicago School
3. Toranto School
4. Glasgow School

Assertion (A): The increasing share of large corporations in cultural production leads to further constriction of the ‘public sphere’. Reason (R): There is growing pressure on the independence of the professionals who work within the media industries.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Which of the following is the correct explanation of 7C’s in communication?

1. Clarity, Content, Context, Continuity, Consistency, Credibility, Capacity of Audience.
2. Clarity, Content, Context, Continuity, Consistency, Channel, Credibility.
3. Clarity, Content, Context, Continuity and Consistency, Credibility, Channel, Capacity of Audience.
4. Clarity, Content, Continuity, Consistency, Credibility, Channel, Capacity of Audience.

Assertion (A): Greater the attention media pay to issues,events, or personages, the greater is the importance given by the audience to them. Reason (R): Media can only influence what the people are to think about,not the direction of opinion on issues.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) is false but (R) is true

Assertion (A): There is a rise in the number of ‘Religious TV Channels Reason (R): The majority TV audience in India likes to watch religious programmes

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) is false but (R) is true

Assertion (A): In structuralism and semiology attention is directed to latent rather than to manifest content. Reason (R): Structuralism and semiology believe that all ‘Units’ of content should be treated equally for analysis.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) is false but (R) is true

Match the List–I (Concepts )with List–II (Propounders): List–I List–II (Concepts ) (Propounders) (a) Entropy (i) J.Habermas (b) Empathy (ii) E.M Rogers (c) Laggards (iii) D.Lerner (d) Public sphere (iv) Shannon and weaver Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
2. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
3. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Experiments have shown that

1. TV drama can have different effects on viewers’ perceptions of crime.
2. different effects on viewers’ anxiety.
3. different effects on audiences are seen if ending is manipulated for each group.
4. fiction has a powerful impact on audience.

Match List – I (Concepts) with List – II (Authors Associated with). List – I (Concepts) List – II (Authors Associated with) (a) Ideology (i) Claude Levi – Strauss (b) Hegemony (ii) Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak (c) Subaltern – Studies (iii) Louis Althussar (d) Structuralism (iv) Antonio Gramci Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
2. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
3. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Section A and B refer to the categories of profiling of

1. Television content
2. Audience
3. Program rating
4. Newspaper ratings

Stuart Hall asserted that the media created

1. ‘Virtual imagery’
2. ‘Societal contact’
3. ‘Preferred readings’
4. ‘Perception fluctuation’

Assertion (A): Corporate ownership of media is beneficial for audiences in the rural hinterland. Reason (R): Market-driven media will not bother much about their social responsibility as they concentrate more on returns than anything else.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Indian television channels are accused of promoting the stereotype of women being

1. aggressive
2. affectionate
3. submissive
4. critical

The functional analysis approach in communication is related to

1. personal influence approach
2. mass culture approach
3. persuasive technology approach
4. social systems approach

Who first described mass media as a culture industry?

1. Stuart Hall
2. Theodor Adorno
3. Stuart Mill
4. Jean Boudrillard

The creative function of communication is important in

1. encoding
2. feedback
3. rituals
4. propaganda

How do the works of art send message to the audience?

1. Through colours
2. Through human figures
3. Through unconscious message inscribed in works of art to the unconscious of audience
4. Through the writings of the critics

Socially and culturally less powerful people are _________ by mass media.

1. Supplemented
2. Counselled
3. Derecognised
4. Stereotyped

When media texts are related emotions and feelings, it becomes _______ domain?

1. the cognitive
2. the affective
3. the audience
4. the production

What benefit did accrue out of printing of news?

1. Careful textual interpretation
2. Widening of audience
3. Newsletter audience
4. Illiterate population

Icons are very frequently used in television reports of

1. Crime
2. Fashion
3. Special events
4. Weather

Who said that practical control of instrumental reason was by communicative rationality?

1. Derrida
2. Habermas
3. Lyotard
4. Friedrich Nietzsche

In the market model of media management, the audience is considered as made up of

1. representatives
2. investors
3. controllers
4. consumers

In the mass manipulative model, the audience is considered as

1. passive
2. active
3. aligned
4. critical receptionists

In the ‘circuit of culture’, Stuart Hall identified five component elements. Four of these component elements are: Production, consumption, regulations and signification. What is the fifth component?

1. Sympathy
2. Empathy
3. Synthesis
4. Identity

‘Stereotyping’ is an element of investigation in Representation Studies, which generally concentrate on two aspects: one is physical, i.e. semiotic; the other is intellectual which is known as:

1. Discourse Study
2. Content Study
3. Deconstruction Study
4. Post-structural study

Communication critics while discussing the ‘Public Sphere’, propounded by Hebarmas, further grouped public sphere into three broad categories. Which among the following is not in those three categories?

1. Micro Public Sphere
2. Meso Public Sphere
3. Macro Public Sphere
4. Supra Public Sphere

In Radio parlance, Payola relates to

1. Disseminating breaking news
2. Transmitting special-audience programmes
3. Introduction of new broadcast format
4. Accepting money for playing songs

The concept of stereotypes was advocated in mass media by

1. Michael Foucolt
2. Walter Lippman
3. William Raymonds
4. Robert Herman

The key element of ‘minimax’ programming philosophy of electronic media is

1. relentless search for audience
2. relentless search for programmes
3. relentless search for funding
4. relentless search for multiple partnerships

Assertion (A): News is news because it is news. Reason (R): No one tells the audience that news is the selective version of the event that has taken place. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

says that media do not influence the audience in any meaningful manner.

1. Revivalism
2. New revivalism
3. Orientalism
4. New revisionism

A system of ideas, assumptions and beliefs in communication is known as __________.

1. Genre
2. Ideology
3. Code
4. Convention

Assertion (A): India’s film factory has become a global player, both economically and culturally. Reason (R): The Indian film industry has adjusted its format to the global popular culture. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: List - I List - II (Author) (Idea) (a) Roland Barthes (i) Negotiated code (b) Stuart Hall (ii) Communication test (c) John Fiske (iii) Radical system (d) F. Parkin (iv) Anchorage Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
4. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

Match the following: List - I List - II (Author) (Concept) (a) Guy Debord (i) Media as cultural industry (b) Theodor Adorno (ii) Ritual view of communication (c) James W. Carey (iii) Society of the spectacle (d) Umberto Eco (iv) Mediated hyper - reality Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
3. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
4. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

Contestation over symbols, language and representation in media is known as:

1. media activism
2. mediascape
3. media pedagogy
4. media construction

Who described media contents as cultural products?

1. Marshal Mc Luhan
2. E.M. Rogers
3. Newcomb
4. Theodor Adorno

Four audience dimentions evaluated to determine effectiveness of a specific PR Programme are:

1. Coverage, target, influence and objectives
2. Influence, response, coverage and impact
3. Response, target, influence and message
4. Message, influence, impact and target

Assertion (A): Propaganda in the broadest sense is the technique of influencing human action by manipulation of representations. Reason (R): The manipulated representations may take form less accurately, by stories and rumours and not manifested in spoken, written, pictorial or musical form. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: Set-I Set-II (Director) (Film) (a) Alfred Hitchcok (i) Ikuru (b) Akira Kurosawa (ii) Jurassic Park (c) Steven Spielberg (iii) The Seventh Seal (d) Ingmar Bergman (iv) Dial M for Murder Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
4. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

Who did inspire carey to work on cultural studies?

1. American researchers
2. Canadian researchers
3. Australian researchers
4. Peruvian researchers

What is the main focus in these passages?

1. Cultural studies
2. Communication process
3. American view of the communication
4. British Society

Institutionalised stereotypes are referred to as

1. credibility indicators
2. etiquettes
3. myths
4. customs

Assertion (A): Mass media audiences are acknowledged of their presence, but scant attention is paid to them. Reason (R): Because mass media are an institutionalised product of a corporate society, it is easy to examine them rather than their audiences. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: List – I (Concept) List – II (Description) a. Moral Panic i. Acting as a mechanism to produce consensus between the state and society b. Reality Formation ii. Reinforcement of a set of dominant values c. Ideology endorsement iii. Production of a set of ideas as to social norms d. Social Control iv. Inducing unfounded anxieties Codes: a b c d

1. i ii iii iv
2. ii iii iv i
3. iv iii ii i
4. iii iv i ii

Developmentalism as an ideology is rooted in the eighteenth century idea of

1. Progress
2. Neo-liberalism
3. Welfarism
4. Consumerism

Media texts are full of ______.

1. history
2. sub-ordination
3. domination
4. representation

Match the following: List – I List – II (Ideator) (Idea) (a) Newcomb and Hirasch (i) Media audiences are not ideologically subjugated. (b) Sonia Livingstone (ii) Television as a forum of normative debate. (c) Silverstone (iii) Sub urbanisation of public sphere. (d) John Thompson (iv) Media as a cultural forum. Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
3. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
4. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)

The area of cover provided by broadcast media is referred to as

1. coverage map
2. market area
3. media depth
4. audience area

Media institutions manufacture

1. Marketable goods
2. Meaninglessness
3. Representations
4. Development

Assertion (A): Television does not make audiences think critically, pause and also reflect. Reason (R): Because each television programme is immediate, dynamic and temporarily engaging. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the List-I with List-II: List – I (Author) List – II (Concept) (a) John Fiske (i) Audience Perception of reality (b) Herbert Schiller (ii) Semiotic power (c) John B. Thompson (iii) Corporatisation of culture (d) Greg Philo (iv) Social Theory of Media Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
2. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
3. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Jean Baudrillard has described mass media as a:

1. Social powerhouse
2. Prosperous middle man
3. Political institution
4. Speech without response

Media audiences respond selectively to the media due to their own interpretation of ________ of their daily life.

1. Social discourses
2. Creative production
3. Unwanted innovations
4. Unclear conformities

The audience fragmentation has increased the demand for:

1. Trend studies
2. One - shot studies
3. Historical studies
4. Consultative studies

Assertion (A): Television is central to ‘global mass culture.’ Reason (R): The flow of television programmes from different directions is more pronounced than ever before to the West. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

The relationship between media institutions with social power and the ideas that they circulate is often referred to as:

1. Articulation
2. Stereotype
3. Ideology
4. Chain concept

The syndicated reality show programmes on TV are known as:

1. Fast food programmes
2. Mass culture programmes
3. Fill-in programmes
4. Mass line programmes

Find the correct sequence of factors for navigable news reporting.

1. Communication Modalities, Non-linear Writing, Customisation, Audience Involvement
2. Customisation, Audience Involvement, Communication Modalities, Non-linear Writing
3. Non-linear Writing, Audience Involvement, Customisation, Communication Modalities
4. Audience Involvement, Customisation, Non-linear Writing, Communication Modalities

Match the following: List - I List - II Author Concept (a) John Fiske (i) Omnipresence of power (b) Henry Jenkins (ii) Deconstruction of text (c) Michel Foucault (iii) Fans culture (d) Jacques Derrida (iv) Popular culture and TV Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
3. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
4. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

Match the following: List - I List - II (Communication scholar) (Communication school) (a) Marshal McLuhan (i) German school (b) Theodor Adorno (ii) Canadian school (c) Stuart Hall (iii) American school (d) Daniel Lerner (iv) British school Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
2. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
3. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
4. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Stuart Hall described the television viewers as

1. Classless audience
2. Elite consumers
3. Cultural dopes
4. Homophilous citizens

International communication theories are drawn from the following conceptual frameworks A. Theories of representation B. Theories of rhetorics C. Reception theories D. Theories of identity E. Theories of criticism Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, C and D only
2. B, C and E only
3. C, D and E only
4. A, D and E only

Match List I with List Il List | List II Theory Author A. Cultural synchronization |. Jurgen Habermas B.Cultural imperialism ll. W. Rowe and V. Shelling C. Corporate colonization Ill. Cees Hamelink D. Hybridization IV. J. Tomlinson Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-1,B-1IV,C- Ill, D- Il
2. A-II,B-Ii,C-IV, D-
3. A-IV,B-1,C-1, D-II
4. A -Ill,B-IV,C-1,D-Il

Denis McQuail's characterization of Mass Media include A. The audience is part of a mass culture. B. Audiences are homogenous C. They are directed toward large audiences D. They are private and their content is open E. The relationship between media personalities and audience members is mediated Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. B, C, E only
3. A, C, E only
4. C, D, E only

Identify the correct statement from the following A. Alliance of forces related to culture and communication is clearly visible in present day India B. ‘Culture Industry’ is prospering very well with the convergence of culture and communication C. Role of Culture industry is significant as a new factor in the social conditions of developing countries D. According to a Latin American writer culture industry is not merely a tool E. Culture Industry creates ideology Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. B, C, D and E only
2. A, B, C, D and E only
3. C, D and E only
4. A, B and D only

McLuhan theory states which technology?

1. Television Technology
2. New Technology
3. Contemporary Technology
4. Social Media Technology

Match List - I with List - IL. List - I List - II (A) Jurgen Habermas ()} Hot media/Cold media (B) Marshal McLuhan (II) Personal Influence (C) Stuart Hall (11) Communication Action (D) Paul Lazarsfeld (IV) Encoding/ Decoding Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (A)-(ID), (B)-(), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
2. (A)-(IID), (B)-(IV), (C)-(1), (D)-(ID)
3. (A)-(ID), (B)-(D), (C)-(IV), (D)-(ID)
4. (A)-(1D), (B)-(1), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

Match the LIST with LIST-I LISTI LIST-1 Works/Books Authors ‘ The structural transformation of the L |tthiel de Sola Pool public sphere B.| Technologies of freedom IL. | Altheide and Snow C.| Media logic IIL} R. Picard D.| Democratic socialist theory of the press | IV.| Jurgen Hebarmas Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-II
3. A-I, B-IIL, C-II, D-IV
4. A-II, B-IIL, C-I, D-IV