Media theories and effects

Assertion (A): Content of media effectively influences the subject matter of the group communication in the society. Reason (R): Content of media is the mirror image of the society.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) is false but (R) is true

Assertion (A): The two-step flow theory of communication has been proved wrong. Reason (R): In a developing society information has to cross not one but many barriers.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true
2. Both (A) and and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true

Leon Festinger advanced the idea of:

1. meaning paradigm
2. psychodynamic strategy
3. cognitive dissonance
4. knowledge model

Knowledge tends to create more knowledge is the thesis behind:

1. the circular model
2. the helical model
3. the telephone model
4. the spiral of silence model

Match the List - I (Model) with List - II (Authors): List - I (Model) List - II (Authors) (a) Circular (i) Elizabeth Neuman (b) Helical (ii) Riley and Riley (c) Ritual (iii) Frank Dance (d) Spiral of Silence (iv) Wilbur Schramm Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
2. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
3. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
4. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

The application of the general social learning theory to the acquistion of a new behaviour as a result of media portrayals is the basis of:

1. identification theory
2. conflict theory
3. modelling theory
4. positivist theory

Newcomb’s ABX model is an extension of:

1. cultivation theory
2. socialisation theory
3. balance theory
4. pleasure theory

George Gerbner used a measuring procedure called:

1. Cultivation scale
2. Cultivation profile
3. Cultivation meter
4. Cultivation differential

Festinger proposed:

1. Cognitive dissonance theory
2. Reader-response theory
3. Symbolic convergence theory
4. Structural theory

Identify the correct combination of Mass communication theories:

1. Hellical - Cultivation - Uses and Gratification - Agenda setting
2. Mathematical - Gate keeping - Propaganda - Hegemony
3. Post modernism - Westley and Maclean - Cultivation - Knowledge Gap
4. Cultivation - Uses and Gratification - Agenda setting - Cognitive Dissonance

Match List–I (Authors ) with List II ( Concepts ): List–I (Authors) List–II ( Concepts ) (a) Dallas Smythe (i) Postmodernism (b) J.H Altschull (ii) Medium is the message (c) F.Lyotard (iii) Cultural screen (d) M.Meluhan (iv) Media - the agents of power Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
3. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

The main concern of the above paragraph is to:

1. Establish the uses and Gratifications theory
2. State what motivates the viewers
3. Tell that the viewership cannot be predicted
4. State that television viewing with data can establish television viewing amount / quantam.

Which of the following is from the critical school of thought?

1. Diffusion of innovations
2. Cultivation analysis
3. Cultural imperialism
4. Uses and gratifications

Sequence in historical changes in perspectives on media influence.

1. Negotiated influence – limited effects – all powerful – long term effects.
2. All powerful – limited effects – long term effects – negotiated influence.
3. Limited effects – all powerful – negotiated influence – long term effects.
4. All powerful – long term effects – negotiated influence – limited effects.

In the Dependency Theory propounded by Ball – Rokeach and Defleur, the following element is not a component.

1. Societal System
2. Media System
3. Knowledge System
4. Audience

George Gerbner while propounding the cultivation Theory emphasized on the concepts of: Heavy viewers, light viewers and mainstreaming, the last one being …..

1. Resonance
2. Cognitive association
3. Affectivity
4. Priming

The Westley and McLean Model of communication identifies _______ role of the receiver.

1. the advocacy
2. the environmental
3. the gatekeeper
4. the behavioural

The role of epistemology is emphasized in ______ of development.

1. the communitarian theory
2. the multi-step flow
3. the diffusion theory
4. the theory of mature

Match List – I with List – II: List – I List – II a. Cultivation analysis 1. K.S. Sitaram b. Personal influence 2. George Gerbner c. Critical theory 3. Katz & Lazarsfeld d. Cultural communication 4. David Kellner Codes: a b c d

1. 1 2 4 3
2. 2 3 4 1
3. 2 4 3 1
4. 2 3 1 4

Theodore Newcomb’s symmetry Model of communication emphasizes on:

1. Cognitive consistency
2. Cognitive dissonance
3. Cognitive inconsistency
4. Cognitive unbalance

Two-step flow of communication argues that

1. People are not isolates
2. People live without communication
3. People-mass media nexus
4. People are not the subjects in communication

Find out the correct sequence of the following models of communication:

1. Linear model, circular model, two-step model, helical model
2. Helical model, linear model, two-step model, circular model
3. Two-step model, circular model, linear model, helical model
4. Circular model, two-step model, helical model, linear model

When most of us believe that other people are much more likely to be affected by media than ourselves, it is called __________.

1. First person effect
2. Second person effect
3. Third person effect
4. Impersonal effect

Write the correct sequence of the following theories:

1. Social learning theory, social identity theory, social representation theory, social cognitive theory
2. Social cognitive theory, social learning theory, social identity theory, social representation theory
3. Social representation theory, social cognitive theory, social learning theory, social identity theory
4. Social identity theory, social representation theory, social cognitive theory, social learning theory

What was the focus of limited effects perspective, according to carey?

1. Day - to - day experiences
2. Structural perspective
3. Information transmission
4. Prolific speaking

Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton proposed ______ function of the mass media.

1. Agenda setting
2. National integration
3. Status conferral
4. Surveillance

Assertion (A): The magic bullet theory considers media institutions as powerful. Reason (R): The mass society concept that members are of uniform characteristics has led to this perception. Codes:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

In communication, cognitive dissonance brings about psychological

1. Adjustments
2. Dynamism
3. Conflicts
4. Passivity

The idea that “media affect others, but not me” is called as

1. Personal effect
2. Second person effect
3. Third person effect
4. Demonstration effect

The idea that media penetrate people’s minds and instantly create effects is named as

1. agenda-setting
2. violence on the media
3. magic bullet theory
4. personal effect

Find out the correct sequence of the following theories:

1. Dependency Theory, Cultivation Theory, Critical Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory
2. Uses and Gratifications Theory, Critical Theory, Dependency Theory, Cultivation Theory
3. Critical Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory, Dependency Theory, Cultivation Theory
4. Cultivation Theory, Critical Theory, Dependency Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory

In cultivation analysis, when viewers identify the television contents with their daily events, this phenomenon is known as:

1. Redundancy
2. Cultural cues
3. Proxy
4. Resonance

Match the following: List-I List-II (Theory) (Author) (a) Play Theory (i) C.R. Wright (b) Media Dependency Theory (ii) De Fleur and Ball - Rokeach (c) Political Socialisation Theory (iii) William Stephenson (d) Functional Analysis (iv) Patterson and Mc clure Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
2. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
3. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
4. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

Cultivation analysis is a:

1. Hierarchal perspective
2. Political perspective
3. Non-creative perspective
4. Stalagmite perspective

Walter Lippmann’s public opinion reflects the early perception of:

1. Direct media effects
2. Indirect media effects
3. Passive media effects
4. Unclear media effects

For Enzensberger, the phrase ‘The medium is the message’ is:

1. A prominent thesis
2. A generalised production
3. Yet another message
4. An aesthetic construction

The two-step model of communication ignores the direct impact of:

1. the audience
2. the opinion leader
3. the mass media
4. the designer media

Assertion (A): Gatekeeping has a significant effect on news processing. Reason (R): The gatekeeping chain in media does not allow much inter-personal communication and as such it does not lead to any type of distortion. Code:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true.
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Match the following: List - I List - II Communication concept Theorist (a) Limited effects (i) Jean Piaget (b) All powerful media (ii) Jack Lyle (c) Attitude change (iii) Harold Lasswell (d) Developmental learning (iv) Carl Hovland Code: (a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
3. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
4. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)

Match List I with List II List I List Il [Theory Proponent A. Inoculation Theory |. Leon Festinger B.Social Judgement Theory ll. Robert Abelson C. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Ill. Wiliam McGuire D. Cognitive Consistency Theory IV. Muzafer Sherif Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A- II, B-tL C-1,D- IV
2. A-1,B-1,C- Ill, D-IV
3. A-1,B-1I,C-Ill, D-IV
4. A-I,B-W,C-1, D-Ill

Match List I with List II |B. [Attitude Change Theory | T [Lazarsfeld_ [D. [Limited Media Effects | IV. Charles Sander Peirce Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IIT, B-IV, C-I, D-II
2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-IV, B-II, C-II, D-I

Arrange the following books authored by Marshal McLuhan in the ascending order of their first publication year. (A) The Gutenberg Galaxy; The making of Typographic man (B) The medium is the message; An Inventory of Effects (C) Understanding media: The Extensions of man (D) The mechanical bride: Folklore of Industrial man (E) War and peace in the Global Village Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (A), (©), ©), (8), (&)
2. (0), (A), ©, (8), (&)
3. (0), (8), (©, (&), (A)
4. (A), 6), ©, 0)

au Q.92. 7 Which one of the following is the lowest level of measurement?

1. Nominal Measurement Scale
2. Ordinal Measurement Scale
3. Interval Measurement Scale
4. Ratio Measurement Scale

Identify the correct statements from the following: A. Social shaping of technologies claim that technologies are continuously re-made by the things users do with them B. Technological determinism proposes that technology have no power to drive human action and social change C. The limited effect approach suggests that media has direct and uniform influence on audiences D. The cultivation analysis suggests that media distort the world view of audiences E. The uses and gratification approach argues that audience actively select media context they use to gratify their selected needs Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A,B, D, E Only
2. A, D, E Only
3. C, D, E Only
4. B, C, D Only

i: F Who gave the tagline ‘Ek Kadam Swachchta Ki Aur' for Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?

1. Aruna Goswami
2. Bhagyashree Sheth
3. Pallavi Seth
4. Devyani Chatterjee

Which of the following shows is mentioned as an example of a reality TV program?

1. The Bachelor
2. The American Idol
3. Friends
4. The Office

What is the main reason for reality TV to gain popularity?

1. High production costs
2. Its ability to attract diverse audiences
3. Exclusive content
4. Limited distribution opportunities

According to the text, what is a common criticism of reality television?

1. It lacks good story telling
2. It is too educational
3. It is often labelled as "trash television"
4. It features only cultural content

Which theories are mentioned in relation to how reality television affects social perceptions?

1. Cultivation theory and social learning theory
2. Limited effects model and uses and gratification theory
3. Agenda setting and spiral of silence theory
4. Social identity and framing theory